Launched in 1955, the Russell-Einstein Manifesto, and the Pugwash movement that it spawned, continues to resonate in our times when science is under threat. Tony Simpson and Tom Unterrainer compiled this short anthology to mark its 70th anniversary.“We are speaking on this occasion, not as members of this or that nation, continent, or creed, but as human beings, members of the species Man, whose continued existence is in doubt …… consider yourselves only as members of a biological species which has had a remarkable history, and whose disappearance none of us can desire …We have to learn to think in a new way. We have to learn to ask ourselves, not what steps can be taken to give military victory to whatever group we prefer, for there no longer are such steps; the question we have to ask ourselves is: what steps can be taken to prevent a military contest of which the issue must be disastrous to all parties?”