Russian revolutionary Mikhail Bakunin nurtured anarchism in Italy, making it the dominant expression of socialism—triumphant over Marxism and all other revolutionary doctrines. From the First International to the 1872 Anti-Authoritarian International, from government suppression and anarchist insurrection to Errico Malatesta’s prominent role in resurrecting the anarchist movement, Nunzio Pernicone’s original research provides a critical examination of early anarchist practices.