We are living in times of unprecedented attacks on our living conditions on all fronts, to rising social tensions and sometimes violent eruptions of class conflict. And yet if anything, the surprise if not that there have been riots and the odd strike but that there have been so few. How are we to make sense of this? How are we to fight back, to take the initiative? Against capitalism, what do we want to put in its place? The 20th century discredited state socialism, and rightly so. But with it, a whole history of international class struggle, or revolutions and counter-revolutions, victories and defeats, spontaneous uprisings and vast workers’ organisation has been eclipsed too. This book aims to recover some of that lost history, in order to set out a revolutionary strategy for the present conditions.